Summary and evaluation of infectious disease surveillance information

• Infectious disease surveillance in Japan

Diseases subject to mandatory reporting

Category 1 infectious disease

• Ebola hemorrhagic fever
• Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever
• Smallpox
• South American hemorrhagic fever
• Plague
• Marburg virus disease
• Lassa fever

Category 2 infectious disease

• Acute poliomyelitis
• Tuberculosis
• Diphtheria
• Severe acute respiratory syndrome (limited to the one involving SARS coronavirus within the genus Betacoronavirus as a pathogen)
• Middle East respiratory syndrome (limited to the one involving MERS coronavirus within the genus Betacoronavirus as a pathogen)
• Avian influenza (H5N1)
• Avian influenza (H7N9)

Type 3 infectious disease

• Cholera
• Shigellosis
• Enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli infection
• Typhoid
• Paratyphoid

Category 4 infectious disease

• Hepatitis E
• Hepatitis A
• Yellow fever
• Q fever
• Rabies
• Anthrax
• Botulism
• Malaria
• Tularemia
• West Nile fever
• Echinococcosis
• Mpox
• Psittacosis
• Omsk hemorrhagic fever
• Relapsing fever
• Kyasanur Forest Disease
• Coccidioidomycosis
• Zika virus infection
• Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (limited to cases where the causative agent is the phlebovirus SFTS virus).
• Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome
• Western equine encephalitis
• Tick-borne encephalitis
• Chikungunya fever
• Tsutsugamushi disease
• Dengue fever
• Eastern equine encephalitis
• Avian influenza (excluding avian influenza (H5N1 and H7N9))
• Nipah virus infection
• Japanese spotted fever
• Japanese encephalitis
• Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome
• Herpes B virus infection
• Glanders
• Brucellosis
• Venezuelan encephalitis
• Hendra virus infection
• Typhoid fever
• Lyme disease
• Lyssavirus infection
• Rift Valley Heat
• Melioidosis
• Legionellosis
• Leptospirosis
• Rocky Mountain spotted fever

Some Category 5 infectious diseases

• Amebiasis
• Viral hepatitis (excluding hepatitis E and hepatitis A)
• Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae infections
• Acute flaccid paralysis (excluding acute poliomyelitis)
• Acute encephalitis (excluding West Nile encephalitis, Western equine encephalitis, tick-borne encephalitis, Eastern equine encephalitis, Japanese encephalitis, Venezuelan horse encephalitis, and Rift Valley fever)
• Cryptosporidiosis
• Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
• Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome
• HIV infection
• Giardiasis
• Invasive Haemophilus influenzae disease
• Invasive meningococcal disease
• Invasive pneumococcal infection
• Varicella (limited to hospitalized cases)
• Congenital rubella syndrome
• Syphilis
• Disseminated cryptococcosis
• Tetanus
• Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection
• Vancomycin-resistant enterococcal infection
• Pertussis
• Rubella
• Measles
• Drug-resistant Acinetobacter infection

Designated infectious disease

Not applicable

Novel influenza and other infectious diseases

• Novel coronavirus disease (meaning a type of disease which involves a coronavirus newly becoming transmissible from person to person as a pathogen and which is deemed to be likely to seriously affect the lives and health of the public in the event of its rapid spread across the country because the public are not immunized against this Infectious Disease in general).

Sentinel surveillance diseases

Pediatric sentinel site

• Respiratory syncytial virus infection
• Pharyngoconjunctival fever
• Group A streptococcal pharyngitis
• Infectious diarrhea
• Varicella
• hand, foot and mouth disease
• Erythema infectiosum
• Roseola
• Herpangina
• Mumps

Influenza sentinel sites and Designated sentinel sites

• Influenza (excluding avian influenza and a Novel Influenza Infection, etc.)

Acute respiratory infection sentinel (ARI sentinel)

• Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI)

Ophthalmology sentinel sites

• acute haemorrhagic conjunctivitis
• epidemic keratoconjunctivitis

Sexually transmitted infections sentinel sites (STI sentinel sites)

• Genital chlamydia infection
• Genital herpes virus infection
• Condyloma acuminatums
• Gonorrhoea

Designated sentinel sites

• Infectious diarrhea (limited to cases caused by rotavirus).
• Chlamydia pneumonia (excluding psittacosis)
• Bacterial meningitis (excluding cases identified as caused by Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, or Haemophilus influenzae).
• Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection
• Aseptic meningitis
• Penicillin-resistant pneumococcal infection
• Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection
• Drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection

Suspected case sentinel sites

• Summary of reports from sentinel medical institutions for suspected cases (as of the end of December 2018) (This data is from before the revision of the suspected case surveillance system in April 2019).

Cross-disease summary

• Trends in imported infectious disease cases in Japan
• Summary based on registration in the Pathogenic Microorganism Detection Information System

Drug-resistant bacteria

• Release of JANIS's Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance Aggregation Data (Spreadsheet) and Analysis Tools(English page)

Excess mortality and under-mortgage

• Excess and under-mortgage numbers in Japan
• Rapid identification of excess mortality

Annual report on infectious diseases

• Infectious Disease Yearbook Archive
• Annual Report of the Infectious Disease Surveillance Project (Current)